Phragmites australis is also referred to as common reed grass. In New York there are two species of reed grasses: Phragmites americanus and Phragmites australis. P. americanus is native to North America, while P. australis was introduced from Eurasia in the early 19th century. P. americanus and P. australis can produce inter-specific hybrids, furthering their geographic locales. Phragmites usually reproduce through vegetative propagation and rarely disperse seeds. Vegetative growth allows reed grass to rapidly occupy a site, and can quickly dominate over 100 acres of land.

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Since the 20th century phragmites have become more widespread and behave like an invasive species. Common reed grasses are found all across New York State occupying roadside ditches, wetlands, marshes, and water edges. Scientists speculate that increases in reed grass distribution are caused by habitat disturbances, changes in hydrology, and increasing salts in soil. P. australis is tolerant to less than ideal environmental conditions. This physiological tolerance provides common reed grass with advantages to out compete native vegetation. When common reed grass invades an ecosystem it displaces native vegetation. This creates a larger problem, as some wildlife are specifically adapted to consume native vegetation. Common reed grass invasions can disrupt entire wetland ecosystems, which are critical in reducing pollution and ensuring clean drinking water. Ways wetland ecologists are managing phragmites and trying to keep them out of wetland ecosystems include planting competing vegetation, mowing, prescribed burns, and applying herbicides.

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